A Research Proposal on Multilateral Diplomacy in the 21st Century

A Research Proposal on Multilateral Diplomacy in the 21st Century Abstract The current unilateral challenges that face the world necessitate the need for multiple relations among different nations. Some of the challenges and problems of the 21st century include human rights, environmental issues, labor rights, and humanitarian assistance (Muldoon 62).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on A Research Proposal on Multilateral Diplomacy in the 21st Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A research on the need for multilateral diplomacy in the 21st century is significant in enabling all nations to forge a common goal in addressing the aforementioned problems. The essence of multilateral diplomacy can be seen in the move that aimed at convincing North Korea to abandon attempts to develop nuclear weapons, as well as the recent proposal by the US to Syria on withdrawal of chemical weapons (Dayang par. 4). With high technological development, the world has become a global village, hence the need to coalesce under an international body like the United Nations. Here, challenges that confront a state are addressed from a global perspective, and not from the national level. The highly fragmented world needs to embrace multilateral approach in order to solve global concerns. Therefore, the research project will seek to explore and investigate the following: The extent to which multilateral diplomacy contributes to peaceful coexistence among nations of the world To identify economic gains that member states receive from multilateral engagements To examine the need for multilateral diplomacy in addressing environmental problems in the 21st century Introduction Over the years, countries have coalesced around some regional blocks in order to get solutions for common problems like international trade agreements and climatic changes. The Kyoto Protocol is an example of an international agreement among different countries to engage in environmentally friendly practices to reduc e global warming. Given the dynamism in the world of technology, as well as similarity of problems facing different countries, a research on this topic is necessary to help in coming up with strategies of addressing the pertinent issues at a low cost. From a historical perspective, previous researches have shown that bilateral diplomacy presents dictatorial challenges and mostly implements interests of a powerful partner. Multilateral diplomacy is appropriate in order to address these shortcomings. A research on the essence of multilateral diplomacy will unearth benefits that such cooperation can have to society.Advertising Looking for proposal on diplomacy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aim of the Research The purpose of this research is to reveal the need for multilateral diplomacy in the 21st century albeit different ideologies and opinions that countries hold concerning international groupings. Literature Revie w For weak nations, a proposal to have a multilateral diplomacy will be advantageous since they will be able to push for their national interests. Notably, issues of global security are handled better at multilateral negotiations than at bilateral negotiations. Multilateral diplomacy guarantees a leveled playground to all participating states that may have different economic and political strengths. The beginning of multilateral diplomacy can be traced to the 1815 Treaty of Vienna and went on to blossom after the Second World War with the formation of the UN in 1945 (Adegbite par. 3). As opposed to bilateral diplomacy where powerful states can make decisions that favor their selfish interests, multilateral diplomacy will work towards keeping checks and balances on the powerful states, hence forming a leveled negotiation field for all members. For instance, in the UN, the five veto states make it difficult for one veto member to outvote an idea due to selfish intentions. The presence of three or more members in a conference, or committee qualifies the grouping as multilateral. In this type of diplomacy, the tyranny of the powerful states is under supervision from other members. Putting in place a multilateral diplomacy promotes formation of beneficial regional groups, such as the EU, Latin Americans, and Africans. These coalitions are formed from the United Nations grouping based on the geographical and regional factors. With universal understanding, countries that have the same economic backgrounds can cooperate to promote their own interests with little or no influence from the powerful states. Regional bodies are helpful in developing the economies of nations that would have remained underdeveloped without multilateral diplomacy (Moore par. 7).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on A Research Proposal on Multilateral Diplomacy in the 21st Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More ASEAN member co untries are examples of nations that have been able to use the regional body to navigate through the economies that economic giants like China and India have dominated (Dhanapala and Rydell 35). Others like Organization of the Islamic Conference (57 members), Non-Aligned Movement (118 members), and Group of 77 (130 members) care for issues that affect a member state even if the member state is less concerned with the situation. For economic development, multilateral diplomacy provides a better ground for economically weaker nations to forge regional groupings that can aid their development. Multilateral diplomacy provides forums that can help in addressing transnational issues and harmonizing policies of nations (Cooper 53). In this aspect, member countries come up with internationally accepted foreign policies that address issues of climate change, global security, human rights, and international trade. For example, in the case of Syria where the UN demanded that President Assad gi ves up its chemical weapons, helped in protecting the rights of innocent civilians. In this situation, the world almost witnessed a military showdown that could also resulted in World War III were it not for the multilateral diplomacy approach. The multilateral diplomacy proposal meant that the US was not to go alone in the Syrian civil war, thus involving key members of the UN. Evidently, the move by the UN to eliminate chemical weapons from the Syrian regime presents a great milestone in the benefits of multilateral diplomacy. Handling such situations through a bilateral diplomacy can easily lead to confrontations and continued destructions in the targeted countries, as evident in the Iraq’s situation (Schaefer par. 5).Advertising Looking for proposal on diplomacy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ASEAN+3 helped the Asian Tigers to engage North Korea effectively. Notably, Japan, China, and South Korea are major rivals in the East, but through the regional block, they were able to solve diplomatic issues in North Korea (Kissinger and Billington par 4). The current global world needs multilateral diplomacy in order to give opportunities to other nations as have been seen in the leadership of the UN. South Korean former foreign minister Ban Ki Moon became the UN Secretary General. This opened up the region to the outside world for economic developments. Theoretical Framework Since countries hold different positions on multilateral diplomacy, an open-set approach will help in gathering information on the research question. Even though multilateral diplomacy is worth implementing, there is need for determined investment in the whole process in order to address global challenges. At the same time, since the grouping is large, faster decision-making becomes difficult (Kapur 77). Players in multilateral diplomacy have to give their opinions on certain issues affecting the globe. Negotiations among member states consume time, but result in productive resolutions. Member states have to involve extra cost in maintaining the services of multilateral engagements. Methodology Research on this topic will involve organizations spread across the globe, sample of countries, and businesses. In acquiring information and deducing conclusions on the essence of multilateral diplomacy, data collection will be done using both primary and secondary methods. Questionnaire surveys and interviews will help in collecting primary data on the need for multilateral diplomacy in the 21st century. Member countries of key international organizations will help in providing such data. Secondary data will assist in forming background information on the research topic. Research design and method In data analysis, random probability sampling will be applicable to represent the entire popul ation. In handling the groups, a small sample size will be considered, of which 50 to 200 countries will be appropriate. This will help to minimize weaknesses of the design process. For interviews, most participants will include businesses and local organizations in different nations. Questions that may rise from the research include the following: Is diplomacy important? What are the advantages of forming large organizations to an individual and a country? What are the challenges of such international groupings? Ethics During the research, participants will not be allowed to know the views of their colleagues in order to enhance information privacy. Similarly, the level of engagement will not attempt to influence reactions of the respondents. Contribution to the Study Although multilateral diplomacy consumes time and requires extra engagements among member states, implementing the idea has more benefits than demerits in the 21st century (Williamson 31). Powerful nations should mo ve forward to convince other nations to join international groups in order to address universal challenges from one point. For instance, climate change is a factor that requires collective responsibility in addressing ways of mitigation, thus the need for a multilateral diplomacy in order to get strong commands from member states. Adegbite, Saheed. International Relations and Diplomacy. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Pursuing a Multilateral Approach to Negotiations Designed to get North Korea to Abandon Efforts to Develop Nuclear Weapons. N.p., 5 Aug. 2009. Web. Cooper, Andrew Fenton. The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2013. Print. Dayang, Juan. When is Multilateral Diplomacy More Rewarding than Bilateral Diplomacy?. Reflective Diplomat. N.p., 11 Mar. 2011. Web. Dhanapala, Jayantha, and Randy Rydell. Multilateral Diplomacy and the NPT an Insiders Account. Geneva, Switzerland: UNIDIR, 2005. Print. Kapur, Ashok. International Nuclear Proliferation: Multilateral Diplomacy and Regional Aspects. New York: Praeger, 1979. Print. Kissinger, Henry, and James H. Billington. Does America Need a Foreign Policy?: Toward a Diplomacy for the 21st Century. New York: Simon Schuster, 2001. Print. Moore, Jack. Multilateral Diplomacy in a Post-9/11 World. The risky shift. N.p., 5 Aug. 2012. Web. Muldoon, James P.. Multilateral Diplomacy and the United Nations Today. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1999. Print. Schaefer, Brett D. Role and Relevance of Multilateral Diplomacy in U.S. Foreign Policy. The Heritage Foundation. N.p., 8 Feb. 2011. Web. Williamson, Richard S.. Toward the 21st Century: The Future for Multilateral Diplomacy. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, 1988. Print.

Responsibility in Society and Education

Responsibility in Society and Education Taking responsibility is often discussed as a challenging process because of the associated limits and frames in behaviors and feelings of blame or duty. In addition, responsibility is usually associated with the personal maturity of an individual who can act conscientiously and focus on consequences of his or her actions (Perring, 2014, p. 18).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Responsibility in Society and Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, the idea of responsibility is discussed in different situations when a person is expected to demonstrate a certain response to events, processes, and behaviors. The implicit idea behind the notion of ‘responsibility’ is that this response should be moral and accountable (King Carruthers, 2012, p. 201). The purpose of this paper is to examine the aspects of the definition of ‘responsibility’, to discuss the recent debates on the concept of ‘responsibility’ in the scholarly literature, and to analyze the idea of responsibility with references to the known cases of responsible actions and with the focus on the students’ responsibility in the context of education. Definition of the Problem In spite of the fact that the idea of responsibility is explained to persons since their childhood, and they learn to be responsible while studying and behaving, the notion is still discussed as complex for understanding. It is rather difficult to overestimate the role of responsibility demonstrated by persons in the society because this concept is also closely related to the notions of morality, ethics, and duty (Khoury, 2012, p. 188). From this perspective, people are inclined to view responsibility as an important aspect of their life, and the understanding of this idea is developed through the education and social interactions. The problem is in the fact that researchers and educators impose d ifferent meanings on the idea of responsibility as a moral, philosophical, and social concept. According to Isaacs (2014), responsibility can be divided into personal and social, and the man’s actions differ depending on the type of responsibility that a person can assume (p. 41). In addition, there are disparities between taking responsibility for something and acting responsibly (Toumayan, 2014, p. 270). Therefore, the detailed examination of the concept of responsibility is required. The Meaning of ‘Responsibility’ Although people can claim that they understand what the concept of ‘responsibility’ means, researchers distinguish a variety of approaches from which this idea can be viewed. Williams (2013) defines responsibility as a state of accepting the control over the certain actions or processes within the community, and this definition is related to the social responsibility (p. 352).Advertising Looking for research paper on social scie nces? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ciurria (2014) is inclined to define responsibility with the focus on the moral aspects, and in this case, responsibility is a duty of a person for certain actions, behaviors, and processes (p. 546). Isaacs (2014) also defines responsibility from the perspective of the ethical paradigm, and she states that responsibility is â€Å"the praiseworthiness or blameworthiness of moral agents† (p. 41). Chandler (2013) views responsibility as the social or personal concept associated with the moral assessment conducted in order to understand who can be blamed or appreciated for the certain actions (p. 176). Another perspective is the discussion of responsibility from the point of taking responsibility for performing some actions and accepting responsibility for certain consequences (Dempsey, 2015, p. 320). Thus, researchers define and explain responsibility as the state of being accountabl e for words, actions, behaviors, and their consequences that can affect not only the personal life but also the other people. For the purpose of the research, the idea of responsibility should be not only defined but also explained with the focus on the recent debates in the literature. Literature Review Applying the theoretical background to the idea of responsibility, researchers refer to the theory of moral responsibility formulated by P. F. Strawson. In her work, Ciurria (2014) rephrases Strawson’s vision of moral responsibility as the people’s â€Å"tendency to express the reactive attitudes of gratitude, resentment, disapprobation †¦ toward others in light of their intentional actions† (p. 545). From this perspective, responsibility is considered in those cases where a person acts against the widely accepted moral norms or other types of rules. According to this theory, while acting in the society, a person should be ready to the assessment of his or her responsibility or responsible actions by the public. These assessments are discussed as â€Å"reactive attitudes†, and the whole idea of responsibility becomes viewed as the â€Å"social competence† that determines how effectively a person can interact within the society (Ciurria, 2014, p. 551). Another important theory to explain the principles of responsibility is formulated by Emmanuel Levinas, who focused on the responsibility to protect. According to Toumayan (2014), who explained Levinas’ ideas, the responsibility to protect is observed in those cases where leaders decide on the further steps for the benefit of people (p. 270). Thus, both theories explain the responsibility toward others.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Responsibility in Society and Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Responsibility toward the public is often referred to as the political responsibility because the public imposes certain obligations on political leaders to be responsible for nations and their development (King Carruthers, 2012). In this context, focusing on the responsibility toward the masses and predicting consequences at the global arena, Chandler (2013) speaks about the people’s †embeddedness in emergent chains of causality† in the context of acting responsibly (p. 176). However, Chandler (2013) also notes that, imposing the full responsibility for certain activities and processes observed in countries and globally on political leaders, people try to avoid taking their personal responsibility for their life and the life of their families (p. 177). The history demonstrates that the responsibility toward the society as the performance of activities for the benefits of masses is adopted only by a few individuals, and the full understanding of the concept of social responsibility is observed in relation to communities and organizations within wh ich people interact (Waghid, 2014, p. 5; Wartell, 2013, p. 167). According to Dempsey (2015), in this case, people act responsibly when they follow moral norms and rules set in the concrete settings or organization (p. 319). Nevertheless, discussing the responsibility toward other people, researchers also pay attention to the idea of the personal responsibility. The problem of the personal responsibility as the idea of accepting one’s duty for performing certain activities and making right choices is discussed by researchers from the perspective of making responsible choices that are appropriate for a person and from the perspective of accepting someone’s authority to assess the person’s responsibility (Isaacs, 2014, p. 41; Khoury, 2012, p. 188). Williams (2013) notes that people can discuss only some persons having the accountability to blame them â€Å"for certain forms of vice or misconduct†, and in this case, it is necessary to speak about the problem of standing and authority (p. 351).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Referring to students, Lewis, Romi, and Roache (2012) state that young people usually accept the authority of educators to blame them for being irresponsible, but they often do not accept the judgments of their peers (p. 871). Thus, the literature demonstrates that the personal responsibility makes people analyze all the outcomes of their actions, but people are often not ready to be blamed for irresponsible actions in spite of providing the evaluations for others. Examples of Responsibility and Responsible Actions While focusing on the real-life examples of demonstrating responsibility in relations with relatives and friends, in personal behaviors, as well as in the educational and professional spheres, researchers propose the evidence of acting responsibly in relation to children, parents, relatives, friends, and colleagues. In a family, the vivid example of responsibility is the parents’ attitude to their children when parents think about the benefits of their behavior for the child. The responsible behaviors include care and attention in this case. In the educational sphere, it is possible to speak about the responsibility of students for their results in learning and the responsibility of educators for the achievements of their students. In his work, Wartell (2013) argues that it is a different level of educators’ responsibility when they are responsible for performing their professional tasks and when they are responsible for students’ attitudes to the study and career choices (p. 166). In spite of the fact that families take the primary responsibility for developing people’s visions and intentions, educators also take the significant level of responsibility in order to provoke the students’ interests in certain activities and develop their own understanding of responsibility. Another example of responsibility can be observed in the workplace where people are paid for being responsible and motivated to achieve the high results. People who perform their duties in time and carefully are often discussed as responsible, but this example of responsibility does not illustrate the deep meaning of this concept. According to Dempsey (2015), the responsible action in the workplace is the avoidance of unethical behaviors and words contributing to developing the corporate culture (p. 321). From this point, the examples of responsibility vary depending on the people’s visions of this idea. Cases of Responsibility in the Historical and Social Contexts While concentrating on the real-life examples and cases of responsibility that are important to be discussed in order to contribute to the understanding of the concept, it is necessary to mention the responsibility of Prophet Muhammad, Nelson Mandela, Malcolm X, Albert Einstein, and Mother Teresa. In spite of the fact that these people held responsibility toward different categories of population, their words and actions were perceived as important for the society and advantageous for the public. In his work, Ushama (2015) analyzes words from the Muslim Scriptures focusing on the role of Prophet Muhammad as a person set by Allah to become responsible for educating others to cope with hardships and find the blessings in the faith (p. 54). If Prophet Muhammad is an example of the person responsible toward the public in terms of religion, Nelson Mandela is often viewed as a responsible person playing in the political environments. Mandela’s teachings on responsibility for the community contributed to creating the strong national force protecting the rights of the South African public. Waghid (2014) notes that according to Mandela â€Å"acting responsibly towards the other requires of a person to treat another person humanely in the sense of not violating the personhood of the other person† (p. 5). This principle provided the grounds for Mandela’s humanistic philosophy based on the idea of the responsibility of everyo ne toward others. Malcolm X is regarded as a political, social, and religious leader who also declared the idea of accountability convincing the masses to take responsibility for their personal racist actions and convincing the officials to accept responsibility for discrimination against the religious and racial grounds (Mbunga, 2013, p. 10). In the sphere of science, it is important to refer to the responsibility of Albert Einstein who drew the public’s attention to the role of people’s scientific actions and discoveries for the development and formulated the principles of the philosophy of science. In the social sphere, the leader is Mother Teresa, who accepted her duty for helping other people to become responsible for orphans, as well as poor and sick people who need the assistance in the society. According to King and Carruthers (2012), these personalities accepted their moral responsibility to other people and focused on assisting others to become more responsib le for their actions (p. 202). These discussed cases demonstrate how the responsible actions of each person can change the world around them. Analysis of the Concept of ‘Responsibility’ While referring to the literature review and the examination of the examples, as well as cases of responsibility that have the historic and social meaning, it is important to conduct the analysis of this concept in detail. It is important to determine the difference between taking responsibility and acting responsibly, discuss advantages and disadvantages related to the concept, and analyze this idea in relation to students’ behaviors. Taking Responsibility and Acting Responsibly It is important to state that examples and cases of responsibility, as well as the researchers’ claims, indicate that taking responsibility for something is not the same as acting responsibly and according to certain rules and expectations. While taking responsibility for behaving wrongly, a person cannot change anything (Isaacs, 2014, p. 45). On the contrary, acting responsibly, a person predicts consequences and can avoid failures. From this point, responsibility is primarily associated with acting responsibly, understanding positive and negative outcomes of actions or absence of actions. In this context, responsibility has a few similarities with blameworthiness and taking responsibility for the past actions without actual steps to change the situation (Khoury, 2012, p. 189). The problem is in the fact that, demonstrating blameworthiness and focusing on the responsibility of other people, individuals are inclined to ignore their personal responsibility for actions, as it was noted by Chandler (2013), who discussed the political responsibility (p. 177). In the context of education, students are inclined to impose responsibilities for their academic failures on teachers, and educators can impose the responsibility for problems on policymakers and developers of curricula. Adv antages and Disadvantages of Acting Responsibly One of the main reasons for adopting responsibility by only mature and conscientious persons is the fact that acting responsibly has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of responsibility is the understanding of all outcomes associated with the person’s behavior and actions (Ciurria, 2014, p. 547). The person knows that he or she did all possible in order to achieve the concrete results, and this person becomes ready to any consequences. However, the necessity of acting responsibly can be discussed as having disadvantages because of limiting people in their actions and providing certain moral frames. The feeling of responsibility makes people act not according to their desires but according to the goals and plans (Perring, 2014, p. 18). Still, the perceptions of advantages and disadvantages of responsibility are often different. Thus, responsible students can view the process of acting responsibly as an advantage bec ause they perceive the process of studying as building the fundament for the future career. On the other hand, irresponsible students can see the idea of responsibility as full of disadvantages because it prevents them from acting in a desired manner before performing actions for which they are responsible. The Value of Responsibility for Students Responsibility is usually associated with the personal maturity. In the case of students, the full understanding of responsibility is typical of those students who are obtaining their degrees and planning the career. The reason is that the choice of studying and acting responsibly is often based on the analysis of possible consequences of intended actions (Wartell, 2013, p. 167). The main motivation for students to study well and achieve higher results in this case is the orientation to the future and the understanding of the role of the study in the personal and professional development (Saxon, 2013, p. 14). The level of maturity and expe rience of the majority of undergraduate students allow them understanding that such negative consequences as the unemployment and the failure to realize their professional potential can be expected if their actions and the attitude to the study are not responsible enough (Wartell, 2013, p. 166). According to Lewis et al. (2012), teachers often pay much attention to developing the vision of responsibility in their students in order to help them adapt to the world where responsibility serves to provide certain moral norms and rules (p. 872). From this point, the value of responsibility for students is high because the development of the personal responsibility can influence the overall successfulness of a student in the study and career. Conclusion Although the idea of responsibility is actively developed in the modern society, there is still no single definition adopted for the concept because of the variety of aspects covered by this notion. However, responsibility plays the key rol e in discussing the nature of the personality because responsible actions are often discussed by researchers as morally appropriate behaviors. Moreover, the idea of responsibility is also discussed in the context of developing in persons the understanding of accountability and blame. Thus, the understanding of the role of responsibility is also important for students who should act taking into account the advice of educators and their goals for the future. References Chandler, D. (2013). Resilience ethics: Responsibility and the globally embedded subject. Ethics Global Politics, 6(3), 175-220. Ciurria, M. (2014). Moral responsibility: Justifying Strawson and the excuse of peculiarly unfortunate formative circumstances. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 17(3), 545-557. Dempsey, J. (2015). Moral responsibility, shared values, and corporate culture. Business Ethics Quarterly, 25(3), 319-340. Isaacs, T. (2014). Collective responsibility and collective obligation. Midwest Studies in Ph ilosophy, 38(1), 40-57. Khoury, A. (2012). Responsibility, tracing, and consequences. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 42(4), 187-208. King, M., Carruthers, P. (2012). Moral responsibility and consciousness. Journal of Moral Philosophy, 9(2), 200-228. Lewis, R., Romi, S., Roache, J. (2012). Excluding students from classroom: Teacher techniques that promote student responsibility. Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, 28(6), 870-889. Mbunga, M. (2013). Malcolm X and Christianity: Engaging the criticisms and moving towards an African-Centered Christianity that can advance Pan-Africanism in the 21st century. Journal of Intercultural Disciplines, 13(1), 9-22. Perring, C. (2014). Methodology in ascribing moral responsibility. Philosophy, Psychiatry, Psychology, 21(1), 17-20. Saxon, P. (2013). Student responsibility and self-directed learning: An interview with Christine McPhail. Journal of Developmental Education, 36(3), 14-17. Toumayan, A. ( 2014). The responsibility for the other and the responsibility to protect. Philosophy Social Criticism, 40(3), 269-288. Ushama, T. (2015). Is Islam a religion of ease or hardship? An analysis of the Muslim scripture and patterns of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him). Asian Social Science, 11(1), 51. Waghid, Y. (2014). Philosophical remarks on Nelson Mandelas education legacy. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 46(1), 4-7. Wartell, M. (2013). Historic changes, expanding responsibilities for higher education. Journal of College and Character, 14(2), 165-170. Williams, G. (2013). Sharing responsibility and holding responsible. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 30(4), 351-364.

The University Art Museum Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The University Art Museum Analysis - Case Study Example Ultimately, this structure did not vibe with the university’s culture resulting in the search for a new museum director. Currently, there are a number of competing perspectives on the direction the museum should take. From an overarching perspective it is clear that there are individuals that believe while the previous director was off-based and abrasive in interviews, his populist vision for the museum was the proper approach to development; conversely, there are individuals that believe that the museum should assume a more scholarly and intellectual path. Within the second consideration, there is a further variety of opinion in terms of the extent that the museum should service the university. For instance, one individual states that, â€Å"I would strongly urge that the museum be considered an adjunct to graduate and especially to Ph.D. education, confine itself to this work, and stay out of all attempts to be ‘popular,’ both on campus and outside of it† (Drucker, pg. 83). This sentiment is a vision of the museum that not only opposes the establishment of a populist structure wi thin the community, but also within the university structure. While the changes the previous director instituted were appropriate for populist appreciation of the museum, it ultimately seems these aims are better implemented in a different museum environment. One of the important considerations in discarding this previous management structure is noted by an individual that stated, â€Å"The city has one of the world’s finest and biggest museums, and it does exactly that and it does it very well† (Drucker, pg. 83). In these regards, continuing the previous directs vision would be a mistake. The museum’s current mission statement should be to present education and exhibitions programs that blur the boundaries between visual arts and design, technology, music, and contemporary culture and the vision should be to provide a forum for the investigation of contemporary

Sexual Exploitation of Children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Sexual Exploitation of Children - Research Paper Example To be precise, these offences have created a huge impact on children’s developmental needs, which in turn, at a larger scale, may impose strong negative impacts on the society as well. Sexual abuses involve a huge amount of psychological sequel and imposing a serious impact on the personal development of the children (Bonnar-Kidd, 2010). However, it has been observed that the child sexual abuses are often the result of physical aggression committed from the end of the offenders, which can be controlled by developing the mental state of the abuser to a certain extent. Hence, with this understanding, societies have today become engaged with developing their strategic rehabilitation programs to curtail the instances of child abuse (Bloom, 2004). Emphasizing this particular issue, the research aims to identify the rehabilitation program for child sex offenders as well as the identified effectiveness of such programs towards reducing the cases of sexual abuse of children to offer e ffective solutions from a critical perspective. Sexual offenses can take place on a wider spectrum that might be committed in the form of rape and other crimes. Sexual offenders have been prevalent in all the sections of the society wherein most of the cases were referred to as inter family issues. The child sexual abuse, also referred as child molestation, that have been occurring in the various sections of the society, are further observed to impose strong negative impacts on the mental and cognitive developments of the child victims (Tabachnick & Klein, 2011). It is quite evident that majority of the offenses often remains unrecorded, leading to the failure of the authority to take proper steps that would allow to effectively handle the effect of the instance (Gelb, 2007). Owing to the fact that the victims of the sex offenses are mostly children who lack adequate awareness or

Culture and Business Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culture and Business - Article Example The historical and socio-cultural difference must be factored in during the process, to facilitate the faster understanding of the negotiation, thus, making it possible for a win -win solution. The key to successful communication between different cultures is knowledge. The understanding of the problems affecting cross cultural communication and working towards overcoming the problems will ensure successful negotiations. There are four factors that affect cross cultural negotiation namely; use of time, individualism versus collectivism, role orderliness and conformity, and patterns of communication. Use of time differs from culture to culture. Most of The citizens from America, Swiss, Germans and Australian are fast paced and precise with their approach to time. There is a tendency of negotiators from these countries to keep time on the planned schedules. In other countries, time keeping especially when dealing with officers holding higher ranks in the society. A delay for two months for a project in the Middle East will be considered normal while in Europe it will consider

Microsoft Visual Basic Programming Language Computer Science Essay

Microsoft Visual Basic Programming Language Computer Science Essay Microsoft Visual Basic is a programming language is which is easier and simpler to use than other programming languages for example Java, Programming in C, programming in C++. Visual basic is an ideal language for developing Windows-based, Database and Internet applications. Windows-based applications are event driven and they need good graphical user interface (GUI) support. Internet applications require web page programming support. Visual Basic provides a scripting language called VBScript to help you control and make your web pages interactive. Visual Basic can also be used to access database created using database management software (DBMS) such as Access 2000, SQL Server 7.5 and FoxPro. Visual Basic also supports both traditional procedure-oriented programming and the newer object-oriented programming (OOP). Visual Basic is one of the members of a group of software called Visual Studio. The other members of this group are Visual Studio Tools, Visual C++, Visual J++, Visual FoxPro and Visual InterDev. There are four versions of Visual Basicà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Working Model, Learning Edition, Professional Edition and Enterprise Edition. The Visual Basic environment is where users can create and test their projects. The Visual Basic environment consists of several windows such as: The Title bar- displays the projects name(Project1). The default project name is Project1. Subsequent projects are named Project2, Project3, etc. Besides the project name, the title bar also contains several icons. The buttons on to the right are the standard windows buttons that can use to minimize, restore or close the window. Menu Bar- has the usual menu items such as File, Edit, View, Project, Run and Tools. Tool Bar- contains several icons, each of which represents a command. These icons provide a shortcut to the most frequently used commands. Toolbox- Located at the left hand side of the of the main window, contains a set of icons, each of which represent control object or just control. Form window- The window at the center of the main screen is the Form window. This is where the user can design their application. When the user begins a project, Visual Basic gives a new form with the default form named Form1. These are the few items and tool featured in a Visual Basic environment. Question 1 Write a program to produce the following output: Main Menu For Loop While Loop Select your Choice: 1 Using For Loop to Display the pattern 1 22 333 Do you want to continue(Y/N)? Y Main Menu For Loop While Loop Select your Choice: 2 Using while Loop to Display the pattern 1 22 333 Do you want to continue(Y/N)? N Press any key to continue Output For Question 1 Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim i, j As Int32 Do Dim a As Integer Console.WriteLine(Main Menu) Console.WriteLine(1-For Loop) Console.WriteLine(2-While Loop) Console.WriteLine(Select Your Choice) a = Console.ReadLine() If a = 1 Then Dim k As Int32 = 1 Console.WriteLine(Using For Loop to Display the pattern) For i = 1 To 3 Console.WriteLine() For j = 1 To i Console.Write(k.ToString) Next j k += 1 Next i Dim b As Char Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf) Console.WriteLine(Do You Want To Continue (Y/N)?) b = Console.ReadLine() If (b = Y) Then Else End End If ElseIf (a = 2) Then Console.WriteLine(Using While Loop to Display the pattern) Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf) Dim counter As Integer = 1 While counter Console.WriteLine(StrDup(counter, CChar(counter.ToString))) counter += 1 End While Dim b As Char Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf) Console.WriteLine(Do You Want To Continue (Y/N)?) b = Console.ReadLine() If (b = N) Then End End If Else Console.WriteLine(Please key 1/2) End If Loop End Sub End Module Source Code For Question For the first question was done using if else statements to determine wheter to print out for loop or while loop by assigning conditions, for example a=1 for for loop and a=2 for while loop. The variable a is set with Dim As Integer meaning as assigned with 1 and 2. The for and while loop codes are above whitin the codition. For the Looping of the statement was done by using Do loop, that the Menu can loop again. Using Console.WriteLine to print the output and using Console.ReadLine for input, Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf) for new line. Dim Char is to represent a single character in this case either using Y or N option to continue with the program. Dim Integer to represent number without decimal place. Question 2 The numbers of calories burned per hour cycling, jogging, and swimming are 200, 475, and 275, respectively. A person loses 1 pound of weight for each 3500 calories burned. Write a program that allows the user to input the number of hours spent at each activity and then calculates the number of pounds worked off. The Output For Question 2 The following image above is my output for question 2. This was done using Microsoft Visual.NET 2003. Briefly explaining the element used to create this was Label, text, Radiobuttons and a button. So this was to test the number of hours that the user has done using the following 3 choices above. So after the selection of one of the radiobuttons the output will be displayed in pounds, as where the number of pounds shed by the user. The following interaction was done by the button. The codes are set in the button so when the user click the result is displayed. For more detailed explanation of the code is below. The codes for the button for Question 2 Using Dim as Double enables the user to have decimal places compared to integer/ Using 3 variables a, b, and c respectively to represent each of following hours cycling, jogging and swimming. Using the if statements to achieve the result for the corresponding activities for each. The raddiobuttons are the following activities that represents cycling, jogging and swimming. The value of each is multiplied by the value given by the question as 200,475 and 275 and then each of them are divide by the number of calories which is 3500. Conclusion A Visual Basic application or project typically requires some input, processing and output. For interaction with the user the project will typically use several controls such as forms, text and picture boxes, labels and command buttons. Using these control, the user can control the program execution. Planning a Visual Basic project basically involves the following steps: Plan the project. This involves determining what to do. Designing the User Interface. The interface is the most visible part of the project. It is used to interact with the system. The user can determine the controls ( e.g., command buttons, text boxes, labels) that are needed to enter data (input), to display results of computation (output), and to control the program execution (processing). Set the properties of the controls. Determine the controls that the user will need or their project and set the properties (e.g., appearance, name, caption, color) for each of the controls used. Write the code (program). The code represents the action that must take when the user clicks on a Command button. Clicking a Command button is called an event and the code represents a response to that event Test and debug the code. This is done to ensure that the program works correctly These steps help the user to analyze first, plan using draft and then apply his information gathered into motion. These steps are a require that every programmer must do in order to achieve full satisfaction of their program.

Melvilles Moby Dick :: Essays Papers

Melvilles Moby Dick Melville was born in a time of American history where inspiring works of American literature began to emerge. It was also a time when America had not completely separated its literary heritage from Europe, partly because there were successful literary genius’ flourishing there. Melville proved to be a genius of his own, with his many works such as Moby Dick, Billy Bud, and Bartleby. Three distinct themes could be seen throughout most of his literature; whales and the whaling industry, commentary on the universe and human destiny, and ideas about God and nature. Moby Dick is an incredible work by Melville most often referred to as an epic, a tragedy, a novel, an exposition on the whaling, and a spiritual autobiography. It is often overlooked that a deeper, more symbolic, meaning may have been the driving force behind Moby Dick. Herman Melville was born on August 1, 1819, to Allan and Maria Melville. He was the third of eight children in the Melville family. He was generally described as silent and slow; his mother thought him to be a very dull child. In 1832 Melville suffered tragedy when his father died. Finishing school when he was fifteen, Melville took service as cabin boy aboard the St. Lawrence. After returning to his home in New York for some time after serving as cabin boy, Melville took berth as an ordinary seaman aboard a whaling ship called the Acushnet. After approximately four and a half years as a seaman on various ships, he set down, again in New York, to write of his experiences. Within six years he had published five books. Shortly thereafter Melville was married and moved his family to a farm near Pittsfield, Massachusetts. It was at this location where Moby Dick was written. Moby Dick was first published in 1851. Melville continued to write, both poetry and stories, until three months before his death in 1891. Melville’s perspective on life was that God created the universe with an infinite number of meanings and man is always trying to determine one specific meaning (Robertson-Lorant 65). It is possible that Melville, through writing, was seeking out some of his many destinies bestowed upon him by God. The basis of the name Moby Dick can be traced back to an article in the New York Knickerbocker Magazine in May of 1839 (Madden).